Compare Svalbard (2004) - Tromelin Island (2003)

Compare Svalbard (2004) z Tromelin Island (2003)

	Svalbard (2004)	Tromelin Island (2003)

Age structure	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA	-
Airports	4 (2003 est.)	1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1523 m: 1 (2004 est.)	-
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)	total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 62,049 sq km land: 62,049 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)	total: 1 sq km land: 1 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than West Virginia	about 1.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory.	First explored by the French in 1776, the island came under the jurisdiction of Reunion in 1814. At present, it serves as a sea turtle sanctuary and is the site of an important meteorological station.
Birth rate	NA births/1,000 population	-
Budget	revenues: $11.5 million expenditures: $11.5 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1998 est.)	-
Capital	Longyearbyen	-
Climate	arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year	tropical
Coastline	3,587 km	3.7 km
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Tromelin Island local long form: none local short form: Ile Tromelin
Currency	Norwegian krone (NOK)	-
Death rate	NA deaths/1,000 population	-
Dependency status	territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was awarded to Norway	possession of France; administered by a high commissioner of the Republic, resident in Reunion
Disputes - international	despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone	claimed by Mauritius
Economic aid - recipient	$8.2 million from Norway (1998)	-
Economy - overview	Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gives the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some hunting of seal, reindeer, and fox.	no economic activity
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	-
Electricity - production	NA kWh	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 7 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Ethnic groups	Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998)	-
Exchange rates	Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 7.0802 (2003), 7.9838 (2002), 8.9917 (2001), 8.8018 (2000), 7.7992 (1999)	-
Executive branch	chief of state: King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991) head of government: Governor Odd Olsen INGERO (since 8 June 2001) and Assistant Governor Rune Baard HANSEN (since NA) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice	-
Exports	NA	-
Flag description	the flag of Norway is used	the flag of France is used
GDP	purchasing power parity - NA	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - NA	-
GDP - real growth rate	NA	-
Geographic coordinates	78 00 N, 20 00 E	15 52 S, 54 25 E
Geography - note	northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area	climatologically important location for forecasting cyclones; wildlife sanctuary (seabirds, tortoises)
Highways	total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	-
Imports	NA	-
Independence	none (territory of Norway)	-
Industrial production growth rate	NA	-
Infant mortality rate	total: NA male: NA female: NA	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	NA	-
International organization participation	none	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Labor force	NA	-
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (2001)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (grasses; scattered bushes) (1998 est.)
Languages	Norwegian, Russian	-
Legal system	NA	the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years	-
Literacy	NA	-
Location	Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway	Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Map references	Arctic Region	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 4 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia	continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	none	-
Military - note	demilitarized by treaty (9 February 1920)	defense is the responsibility of France
National holiday	NA	-
Natural hazards	ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic	NA
Natural resources	coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish	fish
Net migration rate	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population	-
Population	2,756 (July 2004 est.)	uninhabited, except for visits by scientists (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	-
Population growth rate	-0.02% (2004 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden	none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)	-
Sex ratio	NA	-
Telephone system	general assessment: probably adequate domestic: local telephone service international: country code - 47-790; satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)	-
Telephones - main lines in use	NA	-
Telephones - mobile cellular	NA	-
Television broadcast stations	NA	-
Terrain	wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts	low, flat, and sandy; likely volcanic
Total fertility rate	NA children born/woman	-
Waterways	-	none

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